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<title>General linear model</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">General linear model</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Multiple_linear_regression" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple linear regression">Multiple linear regression</a>, <a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">Generalized linear model</a> or <a href="General_linear_methods" title="General linear methods">General linear methods</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression analysis</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Models</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">Linear regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Simple_linear_regression" title="Simple linear regression">Simple regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Polynomial_regression" title="Polynomial regression">Polynomial regression</a></li>

</ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">Generalized linear model</a></li>

<li><a href="Vector_generalized_linear_model" title="Vector generalized linear model">Vector generalized linear model</a></li>

<li><a href="Discrete_choice" title="Discrete choice">Discrete choice</a></li>

<li><a href="Binomial_regression" title="Binomial regression">Binomial regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Binary_regression" title="Binary regression">Binary regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">Logistic regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Multinomial_logistic_regression" title="Multinomial logistic regression">Multinomial logistic regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_logit" title="Mixed logit">Mixed logit</a></li>

<li><a href="Probit_model" title="Probit model">Probit</a></li>

<li><a href="Multinomial_probit" title="Multinomial probit">Multinomial probit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ordered_logit" title="Ordered logit">Ordered logit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ordered_probit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordered probit">Ordered probit</a></li>

<li><a href="Poisson_regression" title="Poisson regression">Poisson</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Multilevel_model" title="Multilevel model">Multilevel model</a></li>

<li><a href="Fixed_effects_model" title="Fixed effects model">Fixed effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Random_effects_model" title="Random effects model">Random effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_model" title="Mixed model">Linear mixed-effects model</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonlinear_mixed-effects_model" title="Nonlinear mixed-effects model">Nonlinear mixed-effects model</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Nonlinear_regression" title="Nonlinear regression">Nonlinear regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonparametric_regression" title="Nonparametric regression">Nonparametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiparametric_regression" title="Semiparametric regression">Semiparametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Robust_regression" title="Robust regression">Robust</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantile_regression" title="Quantile regression">Quantile</a></li>

<li><a href="Isotonic_regression" title="Isotonic regression">Isotonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Principal_component_regression" title="Principal component regression">Principal components</a></li>

<li><a href="Least-angle_regression" title="Least-angle regression">Least angle</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_regression" title="Local regression">Local</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmented_regression" title="Segmented regression">Segmented</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Errors-in-variables_models" class="mw-redirect" title="Errors-in-variables models">Errors-in-variables</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Estimation</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Least_squares" title="Least squares">Least squares</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_least_squares" title="Linear least squares">Linear</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-linear_least_squares" title="Non-linear least squares">Non-linear</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Ordinary_least_squares" title="Ordinary least squares">Ordinary</a></li>

<li><a href="Weighted_least_squares" title="Weighted least squares">Weighted</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalized_least_squares" title="Generalized least squares">Generalized</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalized_estimating_equation" title="Generalized estimating equation">Generalized estimating equation</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Partial_least_squares_regression" title="Partial least squares regression">Partial</a></li>

<li><a href="Total_least_squares" title="Total least squares">Total</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-negative_least_squares" title="Non-negative least squares">Non-negative</a></li>

<li><a href="Tikhonov_regularization" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhonov regularization">Ridge regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Regularized_least_squares" title="Regularized least squares">Regularized</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Least_absolute_deviations" title="Least absolute deviations">Least absolute deviations</a></li>

<li><a href="Iteratively_reweighted_least_squares" title="Iteratively reweighted least squares">Iteratively reweighted</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayesian_linear_regression" title="Bayesian linear regression">Bayesian</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayesian_multivariate_linear_regression" title="Bayesian multivariate linear regression">Bayesian multivariate</a></li>

<li><a href="Least-squares_spectral_analysis" title="Least-squares spectral analysis">Least-squares spectral analysis</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Regression_validation" title="Regression validation">Regression validation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mean_and_predicted_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean and predicted response">Mean and predicted response</a></li>

<li><a href="Errors_and_residuals" title="Errors and residuals">Errors and residuals</a></li>

<li><a href="Goodness_of_fit" title="Goodness of fit">Goodness of fit</a></li>

<li><a href="Studentized_residual" title="Studentized residual">Studentized residual</a></li>

<li><a href="Gauss%E2%80%93Markov_theorem" title="Gauss–Markov theorem">Gauss–Markov theorem</a></li></ul></td>

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<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AMathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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<p>The <b>general linear model</b> or <b>general multivariate regression model</b> is a compact way of simultaneously writing several <a href="Multiple_linear_regression" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple linear regression">multiple linear regression</a> models. In that sense it is not a separate statistical <a href="Linear_model" title="Linear model">linear model</a>. The various multiple linear regression models may be compactly written as<sup id="cite_ref-MardiaK1979Multivariate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MardiaK1979Multivariate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {Y} =\mathbf {X} \mathbf {B} +\mathbf {U} ,}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./f43663f14bc4eb0cbcffd206585002d0f4d961c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.582ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {Y} =\mathbf {X} \mathbf {B} +\mathbf {U} ,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<p>where <b>Y</b> is a <a href="Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a> with series of multivariate measurements (each column being a set of measurements on one of the <a href="Dependent_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Dependent variable">dependent variables</a>), <b>X</b> is a matrix of observations on <a href="Independent_variable" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent variable">independent variables</a> that might be a <a href="Design_matrix" title="Design matrix">design matrix</a> (each column being a set of observations on one of the independent variables), <b>B</b> is a matrix containing parameters that are usually to be estimated and <b>U</b> is a matrix containing <a href="Errors_and_residuals_in_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Errors and residuals in statistics">errors</a> (noise). The errors are usually assumed to be uncorrelated across measurements, and follow a <a href="Multivariate_normal_distribution" title="Multivariate normal distribution">multivariate normal distribution</a>. If the errors do not follow a multivariate normal distribution, <a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">generalized linear models</a> may be used to relax assumptions about <b>Y</b> and <b>U</b>.

</p><p><br>

The general linear model (GLM) encompasses several statistical models, including <a href="Analysis_of_variance" title="Analysis of variance">ANOVA</a>, <a href="Analysis_of_covariance" title="Analysis of covariance">ANCOVA</a>, <a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_variance" title="Multivariate analysis of variance">MANOVA</a>, <a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_covariance" title="Multivariate analysis of covariance">MANCOVA</a>, ordinary <a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">linear regression</a>. Within this framework, both <a href="T-test" class="mw-redirect" title="T-test"><i>t</i>-test</a> and <a href="F-test" title="F-test"><i>F</i>-test</a> can be applied. The general linear model is a generalization of multiple linear regression to the case of more than one dependent variable. If <b>Y</b>, <b>B</b>, and <b>U</b> were <a href="Column_vector" class="mw-redirect" title="Column vector">column vectors</a>, the matrix equation above would represent multiple linear regression.

</p><p>Hypothesis tests with the general linear model can be made in two ways: <a href="Multivariate_statistics" title="Multivariate statistics">multivariate</a> or as several independent <a href="Univariate" title="Univariate">univariate</a> tests. In multivariate tests the columns of <b>Y</b> are tested together, whereas in univariate tests the columns of <b>Y</b> are tested independently, i.e., as multiple univariate tests with the same design matrix.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_multiple_linear_regression">Comparison to multiple linear regression</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Multiple_linear_regression" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple linear regression">Multiple linear regression</a></div>

<p>Multiple linear regression is a generalization of <a href="Simple_linear_regression" title="Simple linear regression">simple linear regression</a> to the case of more than one independent variable, and a <a href="Special_case" title="Special case">special case</a> of general linear models, restricted to one dependent variable. The basic model for multiple linear regression is

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\beta _{1}X_{i1}+\beta _{2}X_{i2}+\ldots +\beta _{p}X_{ip}+\epsilon _{i}}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./b7ade53ead459e6683f434982ee6811e028eda7f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.045ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\beta _{1}X_{i1}+\beta _{2}X_{i2}+\ldots +\beta _{p}X_{ip}+\epsilon _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> or more compactly <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{k}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{i}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{k}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{i}}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./403239ed01ae4ec5d006cea86d7cbec5c3789f52.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:24.77ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{i}=\beta _{0}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{k}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{i}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<p>for each observation <i>i</i> = 1, ... , <i>n</i>.

</p><p>In the formula above we consider <i>n</i> observations of one dependent variable and <i>p</i> independent variables. Thus, <i>Y</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> is the <i>i</i><sup>th</sup> observation of the dependent variable, <i>X</i><sub><i>ik</i></sub> is <i>i</i><sup>th</sup> observation of the <i>k</i><sup>th</sup> independent variable, <i>k</i> = 1, 2, ..., <i>p</i>. The values <i>βk</i> represent parameters to be estimated, and <i>ε</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> is the <i>i</i><sup>th</sup> independent identically distributed normal error.

</p><p>In the more general multivariate linear regression, there is one equation of the above form for each of <i>m</i> > 1 dependent variables that share the same set of explanatory variables and hence are estimated simultaneously with each other:

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\beta _{0j}+\beta _{1j}X_{i1}+\beta _{2j}X_{i2}+\ldots +\beta _{pj}X_{ip}+\epsilon _{ij}}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./ae8194ec38435c81d227bc5040fc7a394e12340a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:48.11ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\beta _{0j}+\beta _{1j}X_{i1}+\beta _{2j}X_{i2}+\ldots +\beta _{pj}X_{ip}+\epsilon _{ij}}" loading="lazy"></span> or more compactly <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\beta _{0j}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{kj}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{ij}}">

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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\beta _{0j}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{kj}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{ij}}</annotation>

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</math></span><img src="./cd15de7654829216c58615c4821b8d676a57e04f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:27.48ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{ij}=\beta _{0j}+\sum \limits _{k=1}^{p}{\beta _{kj}X_{ik}}+\epsilon _{ij}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>

<p>for all observations indexed as <i>i</i> = 1, ... , <i>n</i> and for all dependent variables indexed as <i>j = 1</i>, <i>...</i> , <i>m</i>.

</p><p>Note that, since each dependent variable has its own set of regression parameters to be fitted, from a computational point of view the general multivariate regression is simply a sequence of standard multiple linear regressions using the same explanatory variables.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_to_generalized_linear_model">Comparison to generalized linear model</h2></div>

<p>The general linear model and the <a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">generalized linear model</a> (GLM)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are two commonly used families of <a href="Statistics" title="Statistics">statistical methods</a> to relate some number of continuous and/or categorical <a href="Dependent_and_independent_variables" title="Dependent and independent variables">predictors</a> to a single <a href="Dependent_and_independent_variables" title="Dependent and independent variables">outcome variable</a>.

</p><p>The main difference between the two approaches is that the general linear model strictly assumes that the <a href="Errors_and_residuals" title="Errors and residuals">residuals</a> will follow a <a href="Conditional_probability_distribution" title="Conditional probability distribution">conditionally</a> <a href="Normal_distribution" title="Normal distribution">normal distribution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the GLM loosens this assumption and allows for a variety of other <a href="Distribution_(mathematics)" title="Distribution (mathematics)">distributions</a> from the <a href="Exponential_family" title="Exponential family">exponential family</a> for the residuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general linear model is a special case of the GLM in which the distribution of the residuals follow a conditionally normal distribution.

</p><p>The distribution of the residuals largely depends on the type and distribution of the outcome variable; different types of outcome variables lead to the variety of models within the GLM family. Commonly used models in the GLM family include <a href="Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">binary logistic regression</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for binary or dichotomous outcomes, <a href="Poisson_regression" title="Poisson regression">Poisson regression</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for count outcomes, and <a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">linear regression</a> for continuous, normally distributed outcomes. This means that GLM may be spoken of as a general family of statistical models or as specific models for specific outcome types.

</p>

<th>

</th>

<th>General linear model

</th>

<th><a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">Generalized linear model</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Typical estimation method

</td>

<td><a href="Least_squares" title="Least squares">Least squares</a>, <a href="Best_linear_unbiased_prediction" title="Best linear unbiased prediction">best linear unbiased prediction</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Maximum_likelihood" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum likelihood">Maximum likelihood</a> or <a href="Bayesian_probability" title="Bayesian probability">Bayesian</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Examples

</td>

<td><a href="ANOVA" class="mw-redirect" title="ANOVA">ANOVA</a>, <a href="ANCOVA" class="mw-redirect" title="ANCOVA">ANCOVA</a>, <a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">linear regression</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">linear regression</a>, <a href="Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">logistic regression</a>, <a href="Poisson_regression" title="Poisson regression">Poisson regression</a>, gamma regression,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> general linear model

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Extensions and related methods

</td>

<td><a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_variance" title="Multivariate analysis of variance">MANOVA</a>, <a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_covariance" title="Multivariate analysis of covariance">MANCOVA</a>, <a href="Mixed_model" title="Mixed model">linear mixed model</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Generalized_linear_mixed_model" title="Generalized linear mixed model">generalized linear mixed model</a> (GLMM), <a href="Generalized_estimating_equation" title="Generalized estimating equation">generalized estimating equations</a> (GEE)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a> package and function

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/stats/html/lm.html">lm()</a> in stats package (base R)

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/stats/html/glm.html">glm()</a> in stats package (base R) manova,

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> function

</td>

<td>mvregress()

</td>

<td>glmfit()

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SAS_(software)" title="SAS (software)">SAS</a> procedures

</td>

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/statug/63962/HTML/default/viewer.htm#genmod_toc.htm">PROC GENMOD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/statug/63962/HTML/default/viewer.htm#logistic_toc.htm">PROC LOGISTIC</a> (for binary & ordered or unordered categorical outcomes)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Stata" title="Stata">Stata</a> command

</td>

<td>regress

</td>

<td>glm

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="SPSS" title="SPSS">SPSS</a> command

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/output/regression-analysis/">regression</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/library/spss-librarymanova-and-glm-2/">glm</a>

</td>

<td>genlin, logistic

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Wolfram_Language" title="Wolfram Language">Wolfram Language</a> & <a href="Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a> function

</td>

<td>LinearModelFit[]<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td>

<td>GeneralizedLinearModelFit[]<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="EViews" title="EViews">EViews</a> command

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>statsmodels Python Package

</td>

<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statsmodels.org/dev/user-guide.html#regression-and-linear-models">regression-and-linear-models</a>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>An application of the general linear model appears in the analysis of multiple <a href="Brain_scan" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain scan">brain scans</a> in scientific experiments where <var style="padding-right: 1px;">Y</var> contains data from brain scanners, <var style="padding-right: 1px;">X</var> contains experimental design variables and confounds. It is usually tested in a univariate way (usually referred to a <i>mass-univariate</i> in this setting) and is often referred to as <a href="Statistical_parametric_mapping" title="Statistical parametric mapping">statistical parametric mapping</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Bayesian_multivariate_linear_regression" title="Bayesian multivariate linear regression">Bayesian multivariate linear regression</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFMardiaKentBibby1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Kanti_Mardia" title="Kanti Mardia">Mardia, K. V.</a>; Kent, J. T.; Bibby, J. M. (1979). <i>Multivariate Analysis</i>. <a href="Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-12-471252-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullaghNelder1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">McCullagh, P.</a>; <a href="John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">Nelder, J. A.</a> (January 1, 1983). "An outline of generalized linear models". <i>Generalized Linear Models</i>. Springer US. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>47. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4899-3242-6_2">10.1007/978-1-4899-3242-6_2</a> (inactive 12 July 2025). <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780412317606</bdi>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, J. (2015). <i>Applied regression analysis and generalized linear models</i>. Sage Publications.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCohenCohenWestAiken2003" class="citation report cs1">Cohen, J.; Cohen, P.; West, S. G.; <a href="Leona_S._Aiken" title="Leona S. Aiken">Aiken, L. S.</a> (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (Report).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hosmer Jr, D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). <i>Applied logistic regression</i> (Vol. 398). John Wiley & Sons.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerMulveyShaw1995" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner, W.; Mulvey, E. P.; Shaw, E. C. (1995). "Regression analyses of counts and rates: Poisson, overdispersed Poisson, and negative binomial models". <i>Psychological Bulletin</i>. <b>118</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">392–</span>404. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0033-2909.118.3.392">10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.392</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7501743">7501743</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:02-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="McCullagh1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Peter_McCullagh" title="Peter McCullagh">McCullagh, Peter</a>; <a href="John_Nelder" title="John Nelder">Nelder, John</a> (1989). <i>Generalized Linear Models</i> (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-412-31760-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearModelFit.html">LinearModelFit</a>, Wolfram Language Documentation Center.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedLinearModelFit.html">GeneralizedLinearModelFit</a>, Wolfram Language Documentation Center.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eviews.com/help/helpintro.html#page/content%2Fcommandcmd-ls.html">ls</a>, EViews Help.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eviews.com/help/helpintro.html#page/content%2Fcommandcmd-glm.html">glm</a>, EViews Help.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFristonHolmesWorsleyPoline1995" class="citation journal cs1">Friston, K.J.; Holmes, A.P.; Worsley, K.J.; Poline, J.-B.; Frith, C.D.; Frackowiak, R.S.J. (1995). "Statistical Parametric Maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach". <i>Human Brain Mapping</i>. <b>2</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">189–</span>210. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhbm.460020402">10.1002/hbm.460020402</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9898609">9898609</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2020" class="citation book cs1">Christensen, Ronald (2020). <i>Plane Answers to Complex Questions: The Theory of Linear Models</i> (5th ed.). New York: Springer. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-32096-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWichura2006" class="citation book cs1">Wichura, Michael J. (2006). <i>The coordinate-free approach to linear models</i>. Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. xiv+199. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-86842-6</bdi>. <a href="MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2283455">2283455</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRawlingsPantulaDickey1998" class="citation book cs1">Rawlings, John O.; Pantula, Sastry G.; Dickey, David A., eds. (1998). <i>Applied Regression Analysis</i>. Springer Texts in Statistics. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fb98890">10.1007/b98890</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-387-98454-2</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_statistics" title="Outline of statistics">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_statistics_articles" title="List of statistics articles">Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Descriptive_statistics654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Descriptive_statistics" title="Descriptive statistics">Descriptive statistics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Continuous_probability_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous probability distribution">Continuous data</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Central_tendency" title="Central tendency">Center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arithmetic_mean" title="Arithmetic mean">Arithmetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Arithmetic%E2%80%93geometric_mean" title="Arithmetic–geometric mean">Arithmetic-Geometric</a></li>

<li><a href="Contraharmonic_mean" title="Contraharmonic mean">Contraharmonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cubic_mean" title="Cubic mean">Cubic</a></li>

<li><a href="Generalized_mean" title="Generalized mean">Generalized/power</a></li>

<li><a href="Geometric_mean" title="Geometric mean">Geometric</a></li>

<li><a href="Harmonic_mean" title="Harmonic mean">Harmonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Heronian_mean" title="Heronian mean">Heronian</a></li>

<li><a href="Heinz_mean" title="Heinz mean">Heinz</a></li>

<li><a href="Lehmer_mean" title="Lehmer mean">Lehmer</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Median" title="Median">Median</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Statistical_dispersion" title="Statistical dispersion">Dispersion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Average_absolute_deviation" title="Average absolute deviation">Average absolute deviation</a></li>

<li><a href="Coefficient_of_variation" title="Coefficient of variation">Coefficient of variation</a></li>

<li><a href="Interquartile_range" title="Interquartile range">Interquartile range</a></li>

<li><a href="Percentile" title="Percentile">Percentile</a></li>

<li><a href="Range_(statistics)" title="Range (statistics)">Range</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_deviation" title="Standard deviation">Standard deviation</a></li>

<li><a href="Variance#Sample_variance" title="Variance">Variance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Shape_of_the_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Shape of the distribution">Shape</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_limit_theorem" title="Central limit theorem">Central limit theorem</a></li>

<li><a href="Moment_(mathematics)" title="Moment (mathematics)">Moments</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kurtosis" title="Kurtosis">Kurtosis</a></li>

<li><a href="L-moment" title="L-moment">L-moments</a></li>

<li><a href="Skewness" title="Skewness">Skewness</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Count_data" title="Count data">Count data</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Index_of_dispersion" title="Index of dispersion">Index of dispersion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em">Summary tables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Contingency_table" title="Contingency table">Contingency table</a></li>

<li><a href="Frequency_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency distribution">Frequency distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Grouped_data" title="Grouped data">Grouped data</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Correlation_and_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Correlation and dependence">Dependence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Partial_correlation" title="Partial correlation">Partial correlation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pearson_correlation_coefficient" title="Pearson correlation coefficient">Pearson product-moment correlation</a></li>

<li><a href="Rank_correlation" title="Rank correlation">Rank correlation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient" title="Kendall rank correlation coefficient">Kendall's τ</a></li>

<li><a href="Spearman's_rank_correlation_coefficient" title="Spearman's rank correlation coefficient">Spearman's ρ</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Scatter_plot" title="Scatter plot">Scatter plot</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Statistical_graphics" title="Statistical graphics">Graphics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bar_chart" title="Bar chart">Bar chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Biplot" title="Biplot">Biplot</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_chart" title="Control chart">Control chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Correlogram" title="Correlogram">Correlogram</a></li>

<li><a href="Fan_chart_(statistics)" title="Fan chart (statistics)">Fan chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Forest_plot" title="Forest plot">Forest plot</a></li>

<li><a href="Histogram" title="Histogram">Histogram</a></li>

<li><a href="Pie_chart" title="Pie chart">Pie chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Radar_chart" title="Radar chart">Radar chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Run_chart" title="Run chart">Run chart</a></li>

<li><a href="Scatter_plot" title="Scatter plot">Scatter plot</a></li>

<li><a href="Stem-and-leaf_display" title="Stem-and-leaf display">Stem-and-leaf display</a></li>

<li><a href="Violin_plot" title="Violin plot">Violin plot</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_collection654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Data_collection" title="Data collection">Data collection</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Design_of_experiments" title="Design of experiments">Study design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Effect_size" title="Effect size">Effect size</a></li>

<li><a href="Missing_data" title="Missing data">Missing data</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimal_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimal design">Optimal design</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_population" title="Statistical population">Population</a></li>

<li><a href="Replication_(statistics)" title="Replication (statistics)">Replication</a></li>

<li><a href="Sample_size_determination" title="Sample size determination">Sample size determination</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistic" title="Statistic">Statistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical power">Statistical power</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Survey_methodology" title="Survey methodology">Survey methodology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sampling_(statistics)" title="Sampling (statistics)">Sampling</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cluster_sampling" title="Cluster sampling">Cluster</a></li>

<li><a href="Stratified_sampling" title="Stratified sampling">Stratified</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Opinion_poll" title="Opinion poll">Opinion poll</a></li>

<li><a href="Questionnaire" title="Questionnaire">Questionnaire</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_error" title="Standard error">Standard error</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Experiment" title="Experiment">Controlled experiments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blocking_(statistics)" title="Blocking (statistics)">Blocking</a></li>

<li><a href="Factorial_experiment" title="Factorial experiment">Factorial experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Interaction_(statistics)" title="Interaction (statistics)">Interaction</a></li>

<li><a href="Random_assignment" title="Random assignment">Random assignment</a></li>

<li><a href="Randomized_controlled_trial" title="Randomized controlled trial">Randomized controlled trial</a></li>

<li><a href="Randomized_experiment" title="Randomized experiment">Randomized experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">Scientific control</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em">Adaptive designs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adaptive_clinical_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive clinical trial">Adaptive clinical trial</a></li>

<li><a href="Stochastic_approximation" title="Stochastic approximation">Stochastic approximation</a></li>

<li><a href="Up-and-Down_Designs" class="mw-redirect" title="Up-and-Down Designs">Up-and-down designs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Observational_study" title="Observational study">Observational studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">Cohort study</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-sectional_study" title="Cross-sectional study">Cross-sectional study</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_experiment" title="Natural experiment">Natural experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Quasi-experiment" title="Quasi-experiment">Quasi-experiment</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Statistical_inference654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Statistical_inference" title="Statistical inference">Statistical inference</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Statistical_theory" title="Statistical theory">Statistical theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Population_(statistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Population (statistics)">Population</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistic" title="Statistic">Statistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Probability_distribution" title="Probability distribution">Probability distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Sampling_distribution" title="Sampling distribution">Sampling distribution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Order_statistic" title="Order statistic">Order statistic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Empirical_distribution_function" title="Empirical distribution function">Empirical distribution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Density_estimation" title="Density estimation">Density estimation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_model" title="Statistical model">Statistical model</a>

<ul><li><a href="Model_specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Model specification">Model specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Lp_space" title="Lp space">L<sup><i>p</i></sup> space</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_parameter" title="Statistical parameter">Parameter</a>

<ul><li><a href="Location_parameter" title="Location parameter">location</a></li>

<li><a href="Scale_parameter" title="Scale parameter">scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Shape_parameter" title="Shape parameter">shape</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Parametric_statistics" title="Parametric statistics">Parametric family</a>

<ul><li><a href="Likelihood_function" title="Likelihood function">Likelihood</a> <a href="Monotone_likelihood_ratio" title="Monotone likelihood ratio"><span style="font-size: 85%;">(monotone)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Location%E2%80%93scale_family" title="Location–scale family">Location–scale family</a></li>

<li><a href="Exponential_family" title="Exponential family">Exponential family</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Completeness_(statistics)" title="Completeness (statistics)">Completeness</a></li>

<li><a href="Sufficient_statistic" title="Sufficient statistic">Sufficiency</a></li>

<li><a href="Plug-in_principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in principle">Statistical functional</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bootstrapping_(statistics)" title="Bootstrapping (statistics)">Bootstrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimal_decision" title="Optimal decision">Optimal decision</a>

<ul><li><a href="Loss_function" title="Loss function">loss function</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Efficiency_(statistics)" title="Efficiency (statistics)">Efficiency</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_distance" title="Statistical distance">Statistical distance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Divergence_(statistics)" title="Divergence (statistics)">divergence</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Asymptotic_theory_(statistics)" title="Asymptotic theory (statistics)">Asymptotics</a></li>

<li><a href="Robust_statistics" title="Robust statistics">Robustness</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Frequentist_inference" title="Frequentist inference">Frequentist inference</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Point_estimation" title="Point estimation">Point estimation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Estimating_equations" title="Estimating equations">Estimating equations</a>

<ul><li><a href="Maximum_likelihood" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum likelihood">Maximum likelihood</a></li>

<li><a href="Method_of_moments_(statistics)" title="Method of moments (statistics)">Method of moments</a></li>

<li><a href="M-estimator" title="M-estimator">M-estimator</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimum_distance_estimation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimum distance estimation">Minimum distance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bias_of_an_estimator" title="Bias of an estimator">Unbiased estimators</a>

<ul><li><a href="Minimum-variance_unbiased_estimator" title="Minimum-variance unbiased estimator">Mean-unbiased minimum-variance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rao%E2%80%93Blackwell_theorem" title="Rao–Blackwell theorem">Rao–Blackwellization</a></li>

<li><a href="Lehmann%E2%80%93Scheff%C3%A9_theorem" title="Lehmann–Scheffé theorem">Lehmann–Scheffé theorem</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Median-unbiased_estimator" class="mw-redirect" title="Median-unbiased estimator">Median unbiased</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Interval_estimation" title="Interval estimation">Interval estimation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">Confidence interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Pivotal_quantity" title="Pivotal quantity">Pivot</a></li>

<li><a href="Likelihood_interval" class="mw-redirect" title="Likelihood interval">Likelihood interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Prediction_interval" title="Prediction interval">Prediction interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Tolerance_interval" title="Tolerance interval">Tolerance interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Resampling_(statistics)" title="Resampling (statistics)">Resampling</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bootstrapping_(statistics)" title="Bootstrapping (statistics)">Bootstrap</a></li>

<li><a href="Jackknife_resampling" title="Jackknife resampling">Jackknife</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Statistical_hypothesis_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical hypothesis testing">Testing hypotheses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="One-_and_two-tailed_tests" title="One- and two-tailed tests">1- & 2-tails</a></li>

<li><a href="Power_(statistics)" title="Power (statistics)">Power</a>

<ul><li><a href="Uniformly_most_powerful_test" title="Uniformly most powerful test">Uniformly most powerful test</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Permutation_test" title="Permutation test">Permutation test</a>

<ul><li><a href="Randomization_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomization test">Randomization test</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Multiple_comparisons" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple comparisons">Multiple comparisons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Parametric_statistics" title="Parametric statistics">Parametric tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Likelihood-ratio_test" title="Likelihood-ratio test">Likelihood-ratio</a></li>

<li><a href="Score_test" title="Score test">Score/Lagrange multiplier</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="List_of_statistical_tests" title="List of statistical tests">Specific tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Z-test" title="Z-test"><i>Z</i>-test <span style="font-size: 85%;">(normal)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Student's_t-test" title="Student's t-test">Student's <i>t</i>-test</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Goodness_of_fit" title="Goodness of fit">Goodness of fit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chi-squared_test" title="Chi-squared test">Chi-squared</a></li>

<li><a href="Kolmogorov%E2%80%93Smirnov_test" title="Kolmogorov–Smirnov test">Kolmogorov–Smirnov</a></li>

<li><a href="Anderson%E2%80%93Darling_test" title="Anderson–Darling test">Anderson–Darling</a></li>

<li><a href="Lilliefors_test" title="Lilliefors test">Lilliefors</a></li>

<li><a href="Jarque%E2%80%93Bera_test" title="Jarque–Bera test">Jarque–Bera</a></li>

<li><a href="Shapiro%E2%80%93Wilk_test" title="Shapiro–Wilk test">Normality <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Shapiro–Wilk)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Likelihood-ratio_test" title="Likelihood-ratio test">Likelihood-ratio test</a></li>

<li><a href="Model_selection" title="Model selection">Model selection</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cross-validation_(statistics)" title="Cross-validation (statistics)">Cross validation</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Rank_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank statistics">Rank statistics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sample_median" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample median">Sample median</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test" title="Wilcoxon signed-rank test">Signed rank <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Wilcoxon)</span></a>

<ul><li><a href="Hodges%E2%80%93Lehmann_estimator" title="Hodges–Lehmann estimator">Hodges–Lehmann estimator</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mann%E2%80%93Whitney_U_test" title="Mann–Whitney U test">Rank sum <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mann–Whitney)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Nonparametric_statistics" title="Nonparametric statistics">Nonparametric</a> <a href="Analysis_of_variance" title="Analysis of variance">anova</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kruskal%E2%80%93Wallis_test" title="Kruskal–Wallis test">1-way <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Kruskal–Wallis)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Friedman_test" title="Friedman test">2-way <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Friedman)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Jonckheere's_trend_test" title="Jonckheere's trend test">Ordered alternative <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Jonckheere–Terpstra)</span></a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Van_der_Waerden_test" title="Van der Waerden test">Van der Waerden test</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Bayesian_inference" title="Bayesian inference">Bayesian inference</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bayesian_probability" title="Bayesian probability">Bayesian probability</a>

<ul><li><a href="Prior_probability" title="Prior probability">prior</a></li>

<li><a href="Posterior_probability" title="Posterior probability">posterior</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Credible_interval" title="Credible interval">Credible interval</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayes_factor" title="Bayes factor">Bayes factor</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayes_estimator" title="Bayes estimator">Bayesian estimator</a>

<ul><li><a href="Maximum_a_posteriori_estimation" title="Maximum a posteriori estimation">Maximum posterior estimator</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="CorrelationRegression_analysis654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Correlation_and_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Correlation and dependence">Correlation</a></li><li><a href="Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression analysis</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Correlation_and_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Correlation and dependence">Correlation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pearson_product-moment_correlation_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient">Pearson product-moment</a></li>

<li><a href="Partial_correlation" title="Partial correlation">Partial correlation</a></li>

<li><a href="Confounding" title="Confounding">Confounding variable</a></li>

<li><a href="Coefficient_of_determination" title="Coefficient of determination">Coefficient of determination</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Errors_and_residuals" title="Errors and residuals">Errors and residuals</a></li>

<li><a href="Regression_validation" title="Regression validation">Regression validation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed_model" title="Mixed model">Mixed effects models</a></li>

<li><a href="Simultaneous_equations_model" title="Simultaneous equations model">Simultaneous equations models</a></li>

<li><a href="Multivariate_adaptive_regression_splines" class="mw-redirect" title="Multivariate adaptive regression splines">Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Linear_regression" title="Linear regression">Linear regression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Simple_linear_regression" title="Simple linear regression">Simple linear regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Ordinary_least_squares" title="Ordinary least squares">Ordinary least squares</a></li>

<li><a href="Bayesian_linear_regression" title="Bayesian linear regression">Bayesian regression</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em">Non-standard predictors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nonlinear_regression" title="Nonlinear regression">Nonlinear regression</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonparametric_regression" title="Nonparametric regression">Nonparametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Semiparametric_regression" title="Semiparametric regression">Semiparametric</a></li>

<li><a href="Isotonic_regression" title="Isotonic regression">Isotonic</a></li>

<li><a href="Robust_regression" title="Robust regression">Robust</a></li>

<li><a href="Homoscedasticity_and_heteroscedasticity" title="Homoscedasticity and heteroscedasticity">Homoscedasticity and Heteroscedasticity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Generalized_linear_model" title="Generalized linear model">Generalized linear model</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Exponential_family" title="Exponential family">Exponential families</a></li>

<li><a href="Logistic_regression" title="Logistic regression">Logistic <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bernoulli)</span></a> / <a href="Binomial_regression" title="Binomial regression">Binomial</a> / <a href="Poisson_regression" title="Poisson regression">Poisson regressions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Partition_of_sums_of_squares" title="Partition of sums of squares">Partition of variance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analysis_of_variance" title="Analysis of variance">Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)</a></li>

<li><a href="Analysis_of_covariance" title="Analysis of covariance">Analysis of covariance</a></li>

<li><a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_variance" title="Multivariate analysis of variance">Multivariate ANOVA</a></li>

<li><a href="Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)" title="Degrees of freedom (statistics)">Degrees of freedom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Categorical_/_multivariate_/_time-series_/_survival_analysis654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Categorical_variable" title="Categorical variable">Categorical</a> / <a href="Multivariate_statistics" title="Multivariate statistics">multivariate</a> / <a href="Time_series" title="Time series">time-series</a> / <a href="Survival_analysis" title="Survival analysis">survival analysis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Categorical_variable" title="Categorical variable">Categorical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cohen's_kappa" title="Cohen's kappa">Cohen's kappa</a></li>

<li><a href="Contingency_table" title="Contingency table">Contingency table</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphical_model" title="Graphical model">Graphical model</a></li>

<li><a href="Poisson_regression" title="Poisson regression">Log-linear model</a></li>

<li><a href="McNemar's_test" title="McNemar's test">McNemar's test</a></li>

<li><a href="Cochran%E2%80%93Mantel%E2%80%93Haenszel_statistics" title="Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics">Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Multivariate_statistics" title="Multivariate statistics">Multivariate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Multivariate_analysis_of_variance" title="Multivariate analysis of variance">Manova</a></li>

<li><a href="Principal_component_analysis" title="Principal component analysis">Principal components</a></li>

<li><a href="Canonical_correlation" title="Canonical correlation">Canonical correlation</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_discriminant_analysis" title="Linear discriminant analysis">Discriminant analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Cluster_analysis" title="Cluster analysis">Cluster analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_classification" title="Statistical classification">Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_equation_modeling" title="Structural equation modeling">Structural equation model</a>

<ul><li><a href="Factor_analysis" title="Factor analysis">Factor analysis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Multivariate_distribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Multivariate distribution">Multivariate distributions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elliptical_distribution" title="Elliptical distribution">Elliptical distributions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Multivariate_normal_distribution" title="Multivariate normal distribution">Normal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Time_series" title="Time series">Time-series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Decomposition_of_time_series" title="Decomposition of time series">Decomposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Trend_estimation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trend estimation">Trend</a></li>

<li><a href="Stationary_process" title="Stationary process">Stationarity</a></li>

<li><a href="Seasonal_adjustment" title="Seasonal adjustment">Seasonal adjustment</a></li>

<li><a href="Exponential_smoothing" title="Exponential smoothing">Exponential smoothing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cointegration" title="Cointegration">Cointegration</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_break" title="Structural break">Structural break</a></li>

<li><a href="Granger_causality" title="Granger causality">Granger causality</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Specific tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dickey%E2%80%93Fuller_test" title="Dickey–Fuller test">Dickey–Fuller</a></li>

<li><a href="Johansen_test" title="Johansen test">Johansen</a></li>

<li><a href="Ljung%E2%80%93Box_test" title="Ljung–Box test">Q-statistic <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Ljung–Box)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Durbin%E2%80%93Watson_statistic" title="Durbin–Watson statistic">Durbin–Watson</a></li>

<li><a href="Breusch%E2%80%93Godfrey_test" title="Breusch–Godfrey test">Breusch–Godfrey</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Time_domain" title="Time domain">Time domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Autocorrelation" title="Autocorrelation">Autocorrelation (ACF)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Partial_autocorrelation_function" title="Partial autocorrelation function">partial (PACF)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cross-correlation" title="Cross-correlation">Cross-correlation (XCF)</a></li>

<li><a href="Autoregressive%E2%80%93moving-average_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoregressive–moving-average model">ARMA model</a></li>

<li><a href="Box%E2%80%93Jenkins_method" title="Box–Jenkins method">ARIMA model <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Box–Jenkins)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Autoregressive_conditional_heteroskedasticity" title="Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity">Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vector_autoregression" title="Vector autoregression">Vector autoregression (VAR)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Frequency_domain" title="Frequency domain">Frequency domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spectral_density_estimation" title="Spectral density estimation">Spectral density estimation</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourier_analysis" title="Fourier analysis">Fourier analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Least-squares_spectral_analysis" title="Least-squares spectral analysis">Least-squares spectral analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a></li>

<li><a href="Whittle_likelihood" title="Whittle likelihood">Whittle likelihood</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Survival_analysis" title="Survival analysis">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Survival_function" title="Survival function">Survival function</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kaplan%E2%80%93Meier_estimator" title="Kaplan–Meier estimator">Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit)</a></li>

<li><a href="Proportional_hazards_model" title="Proportional hazards model">Proportional hazards models</a></li>

<li><a href="Accelerated_failure_time_model" title="Accelerated failure time model">Accelerated failure time (AFT) model</a></li>

<li><a href="First-hitting-time_model" title="First-hitting-time model">First hitting time</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Failure_rate" title="Failure rate">Hazard function</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nelson%E2%80%93Aalen_estimator" title="Nelson–Aalen estimator">Nelson–Aalen estimator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Test</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Applications654" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_fields_of_application_of_statistics" title="List of fields of application of statistics">Applications</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Biostatistics" title="Biostatistics">Biostatistics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a> / <a href="Clinical_study_design" title="Clinical study design">studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_statistics" title="Medical statistics">Medical statistics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Engineering_statistics" title="Engineering statistics">Engineering statistics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chemometrics" title="Chemometrics">Chemometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Methods_engineering" title="Methods engineering">Methods engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Probabilistic_design" title="Probabilistic design">Probabilistic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Statistical_process_control" title="Statistical process control">Process</a> / <a href="Quality_control" title="Quality control">quality control</a></li>

<li><a href="Reliability_engineering" title="Reliability engineering">Reliability</a></li>

<li><a href="System_identification" title="System identification">System identification</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Social_statistics" title="Social statistics">Social statistics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actuarial_science" title="Actuarial science">Actuarial science</a></li>

<li><a href="Census" title="Census">Census</a></li>

<li><a href="Crime_statistics" title="Crime statistics">Crime statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Demographic_statistics" title="Demographic statistics">Demography</a></li>

<li><a href="Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Jurimetrics" title="Jurimetrics">Jurimetrics</a></li>

<li><a href="National_accounts" title="National accounts">National accounts</a></li>

<li><a href="Official_statistics" title="Official statistics">Official statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Population_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Population statistics">Population statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychometrics" title="Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em"><a href="Spatial_analysis" title="Spatial analysis">Spatial statistics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cartography" title="Cartography">Cartography</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_statistics" title="Environmental statistics">Environmental statistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Geographic_information_system" title="Geographic information system">Geographic information system</a></li>

<li><a href="Geostatistics" title="Geostatistics">Geostatistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Kriging" title="Kriging">Kriging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

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<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Statistics" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Statistics">Commons</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"></span></span> <b>WikiProject</b></li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-18" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=General_linear_model&oldid=1301202255">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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